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This topic demonstrates one facet of C++ interoperability. For more information, see Using C++ Interop (Implicit PInvoke).

The following code examples use the managed, unmanaged #pragma directives to implement managed and unmanaged functions in the same file, but these functions interoperate in the same manner if defined in separate files. Files containing only unmanaged functions do not need to be compiled with /clr (Common Language Runtime Compilation).

Example

The following example demonstrates how to pass a managed array to an unmanaged function. The managed function uses pin_ptr to suppress garbage collection for the array before calling the unmanaged function. By providing the unmanaged function with a pinned pointer into the GC heap, the overhead of making a copy of the array can be avoided. To demonstrate that the unmanaged function is accessing GC heap memory, it modifies the contents of the array and the changes are reflected when the managed function resumes control.
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// PassArray1.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

using namespace System;

#pragma unmanaged

void TakesAnArray(int* a, int c) {
   cout << "(unmanaged) array recieved:\n";
   for (int i=0; i<c; i++)
      cout << "a[" << i << "] = " << a[i] << "\n";

   cout << "(unmanaged) modifying array contents...\n";
   for (int i=0; i<c; i++)
      a[i] = rand() % 100;
}

#pragma managed

int main() {
   array<int>^ nums = gcnew array<int>(5);

   nums[0] = 0;
   nums[1] = 1;
   nums[2] = 2;
   nums[3] = 3;
   nums[4] = 4;

   Console::WriteLine("(managed) array created:");
   for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
      Console::WriteLine("a[{0}] = {1}", i, nums[i]);

   pin_ptr<int> pp = &nums[0];
   TakesAnArray(pp, 5);

   Console::WriteLine("(managed) contents:");
   for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
      Console::WriteLine("a[{0}] = {1}", i, nums[i]);
}

The following example demonstrates passing an unmanaged array to a managed function. The managed function accesses the array memory directly (as opposed to creating a managed array and copying the array content), which allows changes made by the managed function to be reflected in the unmanaged function when it regains control.
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// PassArray2.cpp
// compile with: /clr 
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

using namespace System;

#pragma managed

void ManagedTakesAnArray(int* a, int c) {
   Console::WriteLine("(managed) array recieved:");
   for (int i=0; i<c; i++)
      Console::WriteLine("a[{0}] = {1}", i, a[i]);

   cout << "(managed) modifying array contents...\n";
   Random^ r = gcnew Random(DateTime::Now.Second);
   for (int i=0; i<c; i++)
      a[i] = r->Next(100);
}

#pragma unmanaged

void NativeFunc() {
   int nums[5] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };

   printf_s("(unmanaged) array created:\n");
   for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
      printf_s("a[%d] = %d\n", i, nums[i]);

   ManagedTakesAnArray(nums, 5);

   printf_s("(ummanaged) contents:\n");
   for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
      printf_s("a[%d] = %d\n", i, nums[i]);
}

#pragma managed

int main() {
   NativeFunc();
}

See Also



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